In a script, which of the following is the proper way of writing action? And why do some writers prefer to use present tense?

When it comes to screenwriting, the proper way of writing action is a topic that often sparks debate among writers, directors, and producers. The action in a script serves as the backbone of the visual storytelling, guiding the reader through the physical movements, expressions, and events that unfold on screen. But what exactly is the “proper” way to write action in a script? Let’s explore this question from multiple angles, considering the nuances of formatting, style, and the creative choices that writers make.

1. The Basics of Writing Action in a Script

• Present Tense: Action in a script is typically written in the present tense. This is because the script is a blueprint for what will happen on screen, and the present tense creates a sense of immediacy. For example, “John walks into the room and slams the door.”
• Conciseness: Action lines should be concise and to the point. Avoid overly descriptive language or unnecessary details. The goal is to convey the essential information without bogging down the reader.
• Capitalization: Key elements in action lines, such as character names when they first appear, important props, or sounds, are often capitalized. This helps draw attention to these elements and makes the script easier to read.

2. The Debate Over Present Tense

• Why Present Tense? Some writers argue that present tense is the most effective way to convey action because it mirrors the real-time experience of watching a film. It creates a sense of urgency and keeps the reader engaged.
• Alternative Approaches: However, not all writers adhere strictly to present tense. Some may use past tense in certain contexts, especially in flashbacks or when describing events that have already occurred. This can create a different tone and help differentiate between timelines.

3. The Role of Formatting in Action Writing

• Indentation and Spacing: Proper formatting is crucial in scriptwriting. Action lines are typically left-aligned, with dialogue centered. This visual distinction helps the reader quickly identify different elements of the script.
• Paragraph Length: Action paragraphs should be kept short, usually no more than three to four lines. Long blocks of text can be overwhelming and may cause the reader to lose interest.

4. The Importance of Clarity and Specificity

• Avoid Ambiguity: Action lines should be clear and specific. Avoid vague descriptions that could be interpreted in multiple ways. For example, instead of writing “John looks around nervously,” you might write “John glances over his shoulder, his eyes darting from side to side.”
• Show, Don’t Tell: The golden rule of screenwriting is to show, not tell. Instead of describing a character’s emotions, show them through their actions. For example, instead of writing “John is angry,” you might write “John clenches his fists and glares at the door.”

5. The Creative Choices in Action Writing

• Tone and Style: The way action is written can set the tone for the entire script. A fast-paced action sequence might use short, choppy sentences to create a sense of urgency, while a more contemplative scene might use longer, more descriptive sentences.
• Pacing: The pacing of action lines can also affect how the scene is perceived. Quick, rapid-fire action lines can make a scene feel more intense, while slower, more deliberate lines can create a sense of tension or suspense.

6. The Role of the Writer’s Voice

• Personal Style: Every writer has a unique voice, and this can come through in the way they write action. Some writers prefer a more minimalist approach, while others might use more descriptive language to create a vivid picture in the reader’s mind.
• Consistency: Regardless of the style, it’s important to maintain consistency throughout the script. Sudden shifts in tone or style can be jarring and may pull the reader out of the story.

7. The Impact of Genre on Action Writing

• Action vs. Drama: The genre of the script can also influence how action is written. In an action-packed thriller, the action lines might be more frequent and detailed, while in a character-driven drama, the focus might be more on dialogue and subtle movements.
• Comedy: In a comedy, action lines might include more humorous descriptions or physical gags. The tone of the action lines should match the overall tone of the script.

8. The Role of the Reader

• The Script as a Blueprint: It’s important to remember that a script is not the final product; it’s a blueprint for the film. The action lines should provide enough detail to guide the director, actors, and crew, but they should also leave room for interpretation.
• Engaging the Reader: A well-written script should engage the reader from the first page. The action lines play a crucial role in this, as they set the stage for the story and draw the reader into the world of the film.

9. The Evolution of Action Writing

• Historical Context: The way action is written in scripts has evolved over time. Early screenplays were often more verbose and descriptive, while modern scripts tend to be more concise and focused on visual storytelling.
• Influence of Technology: Advances in technology have also influenced how action is written. With the rise of CGI and special effects, writers now have more tools at their disposal to create visually stunning action sequences.

10. The Future of Action Writing

• Interactive Media: As the entertainment industry continues to evolve, the way action is written may also change. Interactive media, such as video games and virtual reality, require a different approach to action writing, with more emphasis on player agency and branching narratives.
• Globalization: The globalization of the film industry has also led to a blending of styles and techniques. Writers may draw inspiration from different cultures and storytelling traditions, leading to new and innovative ways of writing action.

Related Q&A

Q: Why is present tense commonly used in action lines? A: Present tense is commonly used in action lines because it creates a sense of immediacy and mirrors the real-time experience of watching a film. It helps the reader visualize the action as it unfolds on screen.

Q: How can I make my action lines more engaging? A: To make your action lines more engaging, focus on clarity, specificity, and pacing. Use vivid descriptions and show, don’t tell. Keep your paragraphs short and to the point, and maintain a consistent tone throughout the script.

Q: Should I capitalize all important elements in action lines? A: While it’s common to capitalize key elements like character names, important props, and sounds, it’s not necessary to capitalize everything. Use capitalization sparingly to draw attention to the most important elements and avoid overwhelming the reader.

Q: How does genre affect the way action is written? A: Genre can have a significant impact on how action is written. In an action-packed thriller, the action lines might be more frequent and detailed, while in a character-driven drama, the focus might be more on dialogue and subtle movements. The tone of the action lines should match the overall tone of the script.

Q: What is the role of the writer’s voice in action writing? A: The writer’s voice plays a crucial role in action writing. Every writer has a unique style, and this can come through in the way they write action. Some writers prefer a more minimalist approach, while others might use more descriptive language to create a vivid picture in the reader’s mind. Consistency is key to maintaining the reader’s engagement.